LNG is transported at -162°C, but it must be regasified before use. The LNG regasification market encompasses the terminals (onshore or floating) and technologies that convert LNG back to its gaseous state. This market is essential for LNG-importing countries. The LNG regasification market includes both land-based terminals and FSRUs. As global LNG trade grows, the LNG regasification market is expanding, with a focus on cost reduction and operational flexibility.

The broader FSRU market is a key part of this. The LNG regasification market for "onshore terminals" has higher upfront capital cost but lower operating cost over the long term. The LNG regasification market for "FSRUs" has lower upfront cost (and faster deployment) but higher operating cost (e.g., vessel maintenance). The LNG regasification market for "mobile" regasification (containerized units on a barge) is a niche.

The LNG regasification market is segmented by vaporizer technology. "Open rack vaporizers" (ORV) use seawater as the heat source. The LNG regasification market for ORV is common, but they require a reliable supply of warm seawater. "Submerged combustion vaporizers" (SCV) use a gas burner to heat a water bath. The LNG regasification market for SCV is used in cold climates or where seawater quality is poor. "Ambient air vaporizers" (AAV) use air, but are large and not suitable for high capacities.

The LNG regasification market for "intermediate fluid vaporizers" (IFV) uses a heat transfer fluid (e.g., propane) as an intermediary. The LNG regasification market for IFV is more efficient than SCV. The LNG regasification market for "cold energy recovery" (using the cryogenic exergy for power generation or industrial cooling) is a form of energy efficiency. The LNG regasification market for "direct expansion" (using LNG expansion to drive a turbine) is also possible.

The LNG regasification market for "storage" is integral. The LNG regasification market for "full containment" tanks (onshore) has a membrane or concrete inner wall. The LNG regasification market for "spherical" tanks (on FSRUs) are self-supporting. The LNG regasification market for "membrane" tanks (on FSRUs) have a thin metal membrane and are more space-efficient.

Looking ahead, the LNG regasification market will see the adoption of "small-scale" regasification units for off-grid industrial sites. The LNG regasification market for "offshore" regasification (using a floating unit) will continue to grow. As the LNG industry matures, the LNG regasification market will focus on reducing emissions (using electric drives instead of gas turbines).

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